Assessment of Salivary Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-1 Alpha Level in Different Stages of Periodontitis
Author(s): Riyam Muthanna Muhammed* and Hadeel Mazin Akram
Abstract
Introduction: Microbial plaque causes initiation of periodontal diseases, and it induces an inflammatory host immune response. Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-1 alpha (MIP-1α) is a chemokine that is thought to have a role in periodontitis by activating osteoclasts and mediating T helper-1 cytokines that promote destruction of tissues.
Aims: This study’s aim is to evaluate salivary levels of MIP-1α in different stages (I-III) of periodontitis in comparison to healthy controls and to correlate their levels with clinical periodontal parameters.
Materials and methods: The sample population which consisted of (70) male and female participants was allocated into four groups: clinically healthy periodontium control group (n=10), stage I periodontitis group (n=20), stage II periodontitis group (n=20) and stage III periodontitis group (n=20). Collection of whole unstipulated salivary samples from all participants was carried out, followed by examination of clinical periodontal parameters (plaque index, probing pocket depth, bleeding on probing and clinical attachment level). Collected saliva was subjected to biochemical analysis using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for detection of MIP-1α levels.
Results and discussion: Statistical analysis of clinical periodontal parameters revealed increased mean percentage of the clinical parameter with increased severity of periodontitis with significant difference. Statistical analysis of MIP-1α revealed increase in MIP-1α level with increased severity of periodontitis with significant difference. These results could be attributable to the role MIP-1α has in inflammatory immune response and osteoclast activation.
Conclusion: The discoveries of the study indicate that salivary MIP-1α could be used to differentiate different stages of periodontitis.