D-dimer linked with coagulopathies in Covid-19 patients
Author(s): Aishwarya Ujawane*, Shagun Kapoor, Himanshu Singh and Nihaal Singh
Abstract
The devastating covid 19 has spread worldwide since December 2019 the initial stages of this disease can be linked with increased d dimer, prolonged PT and high levels of fibrinogen indicating the links between coagulation, thrombosis and covid 19 pandemic. In these review article we analysis different patient with different d dimer levels in SARS COV-2. D dimer levels are a potent marker of patient suffering or having complication related to thrombosis and coagulation. Studies have reported 3 to 4 folds increased in d dimer levels have been indicated with worst prognosis. Measuring coagulation parameters and d dimer levels in the early stages of the disease can help in controlling and proper management of covid 19 diseases. Hematological abnormalities like lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, elevated d dimer levels, elevated cytokines, FDP”s, interleukin 6 (IL6) appear as important predictors of the adverse effect of covid 19.covid 19 has a major risk factor for elderly patient when suffering as a complication of increased d dimer levels linked with coagulopathies or also associated with high death rate. In the severity of covid 19 infection fibrinolytic events and thromboembolic event correlates with each other. Reduced circulatory d dimer levels indicate any thrombotic events occurring also having high concentration of cardiac enzymes indicating emerging ventricular tension caused due to high increased pulmonary pressure leading to hypertension. In patient suffering from covid infection ROTEM pattern indicates hypercoagulability and reduce fibrinolysis without disturbing elevated d dimer levels. We conclude that the pulmonary organ that is the lung is the main source of d dimer in covid 19 patient.