Insulin Resistance and Its Associations
Author(s): Utkarsh Shrivastava, Anika Dahiya*, Sapna Sharma and Akshay Dahiwele
Abstract
Insulin resistance occurs when a given amount of artificial or natural (endogenous) insulin fails to make the cell absorb and utilize the glucose as same level as it does in the general population (Normal level of insulin in our bodies is about 5-15ul/ml of blood) .insulin acts by binding to a particular receptor present on the plasma membrane of target tissue. Which is subsequently transported into the cell via a sequence of protein-protein interactions. Intracellular insulin action is mediated by two primary protein-protein interaction cascades: one is related to regulate intermediate metabolism, and the other is involved in controlling the process of growth as well as mitosis of cell. It is possible to separate the regulation of these two different pathways. Indeed, some evidence suggests that in type 2 diabetes, the system governing intermediate metabolism is impaired, but the pathway regulating mitosis and growth processes is normal. Many pathways are being identified as potential reasons for insulin resistance and its syndrome's development. Congenital anomalies of one or many proteins action cascade of insulin, prenatal nutritional deficiency and elevations in the visceral adiposity are among them. This is a symptom seen in a group of cardiovascular metabolic disorders which are basically the Insulin Resistance Syndrome and other is metabolic syndrome. Role of insulin in causing dyslipidemia and in pcos and in disease like Alzheimer’s is under tremendous research and its affect in worsening these conditions are topic of utmost importance. Predisposition to insulin can be related to genetic factors or it may be caused by some kind of medication (glucosamine) or by the conditions mentioned above. Mostly people who are risk are obese specially those having age above 40 years. It is noticed that genetically Latino, African, native American and Asian American are predisposed to it. Some patients having atherosclerosis and hypertensive history are also at risk.