PARTIAL EXTRACTION TECHNIQUES: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Author(s): Rajat Pareek*, Gagandeep Singh, Sanjay Thete, Pranay Kumar Ratneshwar Thakur, Vinayak kerbaji More and Mohit V Patil
Abstract
Background: A subset of clinical approaches known as partial extraction therapies (PET) uses the tooth as a whole to compensate for lack of alveolar bone. It is possible to preserve the bundle bone and-periodontal ligament complex as well as its vascular supply by preserving the root of tooth and their bonding with the alveolar bone. The establishment of pontic locations and the conservation alveolar ridge after extraction have been successfully illustrated by root submergence therapy. Presence of pathological lesion at the root apex and endodontic intervention impose limitations on the approach of root submergence. It is adequately documented in the literature that loss of tooth can cause resorption of root. This alteration in morphology and degradation of alveolar ridge are caused by the loss of BB-PDL assembly after a tooth is extracted. Aim: To review the available literature on partial extraction techniques Review results: The part of facial or buccal segment of root is maintained after immediate implant implantation using the socket-shield approach developed. The buccal along with palatal root of a tooth that is scheduled for urgent extraction is divided by cutting the tooth in two halves in mesiodistal direction. The buccal root component is left in place while the root portion in palatal portion is eliminated. The root section's adhesion to the socket is not disturbed and it is further processed and enhanced. This constructed socket-shield preserves the relationship to bundle bone along with their vascularity in the presence of an implant that is placed palatal to root section in facial direction. It preserves support of the alveolar ridge buccal to the dental implant and the restoration. The pontic shield is another PET that draws features from both of the methods discussed just before. By conserving the buccal root or facial root component, treating the area with ridge conservation materials, and filling the tooth socket, this procedure creates a pontic site and thus protects the alveolar ridge. The establishment of pontic sites using the root submergence approach is only permitted at locations with a sound tooth pulp or locations where the endodontic therapy of root is accomplished. Conclusion: For teeth that are about to be extracted, PET might be thought of as a more conservative alveolar ridge preservation method. Promising outcomes have been seen when retaining all or part of a tooth after implant implantation in order to improve a pontic site or preserve papillae or labial tissues. The authors of this literature review believe that additional comprehensive histologic data and evidence of clinical success for longer duration must be provided before the socket-shield technique and other partial extraction techniques are further promoted in routine clinical practice.