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PREVALENCE OF ACCESSORY CANALS IN PRIMARY MANDIBULAR MOLARS-A RADIOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS

Journal of Research in Medical and Dental Science
eISSN No. 2347-2367 pISSN No. 2347-2545

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Research - (2023) Volume 11, Issue 1

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PREVALENCE OF ACCESSORY CANALS IN PRIMARY MANDIBULAR MOLARS-A RADIOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS

Cibikkarthik T and Mahesh Ramakrishnan*

*Correspondence: Mahesh Ramakrishnan, Department of Pedodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Tamil Nadu, India, Email:

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Abstract

Objective: Detailed anatomy of any canal configuration forms the base of successful endodontic treatment. The study planned to evaluate the accessory canals in primary mandibular molars Materials and methods: Eight hundred cases were obtained from a central database of clinical management software in a private Dental University from March 2020 to March 2021.SPSS were used for all the statistical test. Results: Results from the study revealed that most of the accessory canals are seen higher among the male population 57.52% when compared with female population 42.48%. Most of the accessory canals are seen in 2-7 years of age 79.17% and in 2nd mandibular molars 3 canals were common. Conclusion: Predominantly there were three canals in males compared to females. But the difference was not statistically significant. Almost three or four canal configurations are the common variant seen.

Keywords

Primary molars, Accessory canal, Root and canal morphology, Innovative technique

Introduction

Canal configuration is the most important criteria for successful endodontic treatment in childrens [1]. Through understanding of the variations by the clinicians helps to eliminate bacteria in the canal and proper biomechanical preparation [2–6]. The canal configuration is more complex in primary molars compared to that of permanent molars and also presence of various resorption patterns can also affect the success rate of the procedure.

In the primary dentition the mandibular arch seems to be affected more when compared to maxillary arch, while maxillary incisors are more to carious, the molars are more commonly affected in the mandibular. This can be attributed to the fact that mandibular molars exhibit deeper pit san fissures [7]. High sugar diet and improper feeding habits combined with difficulty in maintaining good oral hygiene plays an important role in carie formation in children, the enamel is also less mineralized in children which can results in early involvement of pulp [8]. When there is caries it results in secondary and tertiary dentin secretion and various rsportion patterns which can alter the number of root canals present at every stage. Radiographs may tend to show a different canal pattern but histological sectioning is a must to understand the through pattern [9].

The furcation area of a molar tooth, which encompasses part around the division of roots is most important in a primary molars because of presence of multiple accessory canals and also the permanent tooth germ is formed below the furcation area. Hence any changes in the furcation area can involve the permanent tooth which can even lead to enamel deformation. Turner hypoplasia is the most common pathology which is an enamel defect caused due to periapical infection in the primary molars [10].

Advances in imaging modalities such as use of CBCT in identifying canal morphology of complex cases has a disadvantage of high radiation dose. The children when exposed to higher dose of radiation can exhibit adverse effects; hence the concept of ALARA should be weighed before any imaging. Most of the clinical situations IOPA remain the most common imaging technique due to less exposure and convenient in children [11]. Most of our team members have published high quality epidemiology and various researches [12–26]. This study was performed to determine the prevalence of accessory canals in the primary mandibular molars.

Materials and Methods

Study setting

It was carried out as a retrospective study in a private Dental University in Southern Part of India. The advantage is the study population belongs to a particular ethnic group and the disadvantage is it’s a single centric study. A total of 86000 case records were screened by trained reviewers and entered in excel sheets. .calibration of the examiners was done using a pilot study and kappa statistics were done. The number of roots, age and gender were entered in the tabular column.

Results and Discussion

Out of total sample size (725 cases), results from the study reveals that occurrence of accessory canals in mandibular molars was higher among the male population 57.52% when compared with female population 42.48% (Figure 1); 79.17% of accessory canals are seen in the age of 2-7 years and 20.83% in 8-12 years (Figure 2); 57.93% of the accessory canals are seen in the mandibular 2nd molars and 42.07% in mandibular 1st molars (Figure 3). In mandibular molars 52.28% of 3 canals are commonly seen and 37.66% of 4 canals and 10.07% of 5 canals (Figure 4). Further assessment of the prevalence of accessory canals revealed that 27.45% of 3 canals, 23.31% of 4 canals and 7.17% of 5 canals seen in 2nd mandibular molars. The correlation between the number of canals and the mandibular region revealed that Pearson Chi-Square Value-0.001;(p<0.05). Hence statistically significant (Figure 5).

Medical-Dental-Highly

Figure 1: Distribution of Gender with the prevalence of accessory canals in primary mandibular molars across the sample size. The incidence of accessory canals in the male population is 57.52% and in the female population is 42.48%. This reveals that the prevalence of accessory canals is predominantly observed among the male population.

Medical-Dental-mandibular

Figure 2: Distribution of age with the prevalence of accessory canals in primary mandibular molars across the sample size. The incidence of accessory canals in 2-7 years old is 79.17% and in 8-12 years old is 20.83%. This reveals that the prevalence of accessory canals is predominantly observed among 2-7 years old patients.

Medical-Dental-molars

Figure 3: Primary mandibular molars with the prevalence of accessory canals. The X-axis represents the mandibular region, and the y axis represents the number of participants. The incidence of accessory canals in the 1st mandibular is 42.07% and in the 2nd molar is 57.93%. This reveals that the prevalence of accessory canals is predominantly observed in 2nd mandibular molars.

Medical-Dental-canals

Figure 4: Bar graph showing the distribution of accessory canals in primary mandibular molars across the sample size. In mandibular molars 52.28% of 3 canals and 37.66% of 4 canals and 10.07% of 5 canals.

Medical-Dental-frequency

Figure 5: mandibular region and the number of accessory canals. X axis represents the frequency of the mandibular region and Y axis represents the number of patients. There is a significant association between 2nd mandibular molars with the accessory canals(Pearson Chi-Square Value-0.001; p<0.05).

An assessment of the gender with the prevalence of accessory canals revealed that 30.34% of 3 canals, 21.93% of 4 canals and 5.24% of 5 canals were seen in male population. The correlation between the gender and the prevalence of accessory canals revealed that Pearson Chi-Square Value-0.307;p>0.05. Hence statistically not significant (Figure 6).

Medical-Dental-accessory

Figure 6: Association between the gender and the number of accessory canals. There is no significant association between genders with the accessory canals. Pearson.

Discussion

Primary molars in few studies show variations based on gender predilection, whereas in some studies there was no significant difference between gender. Some studies found the prevalence of an additional root had male predominance; others reported no difference between the sexes or rather more in females [27].

The incidence of three-rooted primary mandibular molars did not differ with gender (p>0.05) in the present study, which agrees with results reported by Najim, et al. [28]. Two roots and three canal system is the most common type in thе represent study. The mesial root consists of two canals mesio buccal and mesial lingual whereas the distal root consists of one canal in most of the cases. Very rarely two canals are seen in the distal root. Addition of one root has the least prevalence [29] based on gender was reported in previous studies [30].

Conclusion

Males showed a more prevalence for variations in canal morphology compared to the female population. Knowledge and variations about the canal morphology is a mist for all clinicians to perform adequate canal cleaning and shaping.

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Author Info

Cibikkarthik T and Mahesh Ramakrishnan*

Department of Pedodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Tamil Nadu, India
 

Citation: Cibikkarthik T, Mahesh Ramakrishnan, Prevalence of Accessory Canals in Primary Mandibular Molars-A Radiographic Analysis, J Res Med Dent Sci, 2023, 11 (1):49-54.

Received: 03-Dec-2022, Manuscript No. jrmds-22-78959; , Pre QC No. jrmds-22-78959(PQ); Editor assigned: 05-Dec-2022, Pre QC No. jrmds-22-78959(PQ); Reviewed: 20-Dec-2022, QC No. jrmds-22-78959(Q); Revised: 26-Dec-2022, Manuscript No. jrmds-22-78959(R); Published: 02-Jan-2023

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