Cytokine Storm Assessment in Initial Stages ofCOVID-19 Along with Recent Emerging Therapeutic Modalities
Author(s): Rohan Somani and Sonali Choudhary*
Abstract
The recently spreading SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic put the practice of medicine at verge of overlooking a new & different era. Still the world is struggling to minimize the spread of this devastating disease; several strategies are actively deployed to develop therapeutic interventions to prevent the surge. This pandemic is reminding us of the crucial role of effective host immune response and also the life-threatening effect of disturbed immune regulation. There is a budding concept of covid-19 cytokine release syndrome (COVID-19 CRS), also known as cytokine storm (CS). These patients are critically ill and has worse prognosis with increased fatality rate. Cytokine storm is believed to be the at most reason of pathophysiology of many lethal manifestations of COVID-19 such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), thromboembolism diseases like acute ischemic stroke caused by big vessels obstruction and myocardial ischemia, acute renal injury (AKI), encephalitis, and vasculitis (“Kawasaki-like” syndrome and “renal vasculitis” in children and adults respectively). So, to unravel the pathogenesis and risk factor of CS, this review article provides critical understanding from prognostic, therapeutic and diagnostic standpoint and reviews the phenomena of mechanism and to study various treatment modalities of the COVID-19 virus causing inflammatory storm in a way to give valuable medical knowledge for research and clinical cure.