Author(s): Sabrin Sabah Rashid* and Hussein A Jawad
Abstract
Background: Cleaning and preparing root canals is one of the most important conditions for effective root canal therapy. In the field of endodontics accept many advancements, such as hand- and engine-determined instruments and altered irrigating solutions. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Er.Cr:YSGG photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS) technique at short pulse duration (60 μs) with different powers setting (0.25 W, 0.5 W, 0.75 W, 1 W, 1.25 W) alone and with irrigant on smear layer removal of apical third. Materials and methods: Thirty-six extracted single-rooted mandibular premolar was used. The roots length was uniform to 14 mm from the anatomic apex and instrumented using the rotary system to size 40. Er.Cr: YSGG pulse laser (waterlase iplus Biolase, CA, USA) 2780 nm used at short pulse duration (60 μs) delivered by MD/iplus Glass Tips (MZ6)600 μm in diameter, length=6 mm, calibration factor=1.00. The samples was divided into three groups of the following irrigation methods: (a) conventional irrigation with open-ended needles, (b) Er.Cr:YSGG induced photoacoustic streaming with 17% EDTA at (0.25W, 0.5W, 0.75W, 1W, 1.25W) (c) Er.Cr:YSGG induced photoacoustic streaming with 5.25% NaOCl at (0.25W, 0.5W, 0.75W, 1W, 1.25W). Then, the roots were painted with nail varnish externally, and 2% methylene blue dye inject into root canal. The tooth was split horizontally at the apical third. The dye penetration measured by using analytical software (measure picture CAD-KAS Kessler Germany). ANOVA test was used to analyse repeated measure mean between tested concentration and control. Data expressed as mean ± SE. LSD test was used to calculate the significant differences between tested mean. Results: The mean values of the percentage of dye penetration area was ranging from (20.56 ± 0.36 control, Er.Cr: YSGG laser with 17% EDTA at 0.25W=70.60 ± 0.33, 0.5W=89.62 ± 0.27, 0.75W=79.42 ± 0.35, 1W=73.19 ± 0.16, 1.25W=28.05 ± 0.04. Er,Cr:YSGG laser with 5.25% NaOCl at 0.25W=53.19 ± 0.1, 0.5W=66.55 ± 0.2, 0.75W=69.77 ± 0.2, 1W=25.94 ± 0.11, 1.25W=19.01 ± 0.05). The Percentage of dye penetration in Er,Cr:YSGG laser with 17% EDTA was significantly high at 0.5 W power while for Er.Cr:YSGG laser with 5.25 % NaOCl at 0.75 W laser group which also showed a distinct Percentage of dye penetration. Conclusion: We concluded that the use of Er.Cr:YSGG pulse laser (5 Hz , air and water off) at short pulse duration (60 μs) with 17% EDTA using PIPS technique for activation of irrigant in endodontic treatment is effective in smear layer removal at 0.5 W . While the PIPS proved an acceptable result when the laser is used alone assisted by 5.25% NaOCl for both function disinfection and shock wave generation at 0.75W.