Retrospective Analysis on Treatment Modalities for Non-Vital Open Apex Cases
Author(s): Baala Vignesh A and Pradeep S*
Abstract
Aim: To compare and evaluate the prevalence of non-vital open apex cases reported in Saveetha Dental College and compare it with the sealers used. Introduction: An immature permanent tooth having a blunderbuss canal and open apex can be an endodontic challenge because of difficulty in obtaining an apical seal, and existing thin radicular walls which are susceptible to fracture. One step apexification is defined as nonsurgical compaction of a biocompatible material into the apical end of the root canal to establish an apical stop that would enable the root canal to be immediately filled. Materials and Method: The study was conducted in Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, with patients visiting for a period between September 2019 and march 2020. The data was collected by reviewing the case sheets. Patient age, gender, apexification procedure done, nolla stages, material used for apexification as per the records were collected. The obtained data was entered in Ms Excel spreadsheet and the tabulated data was subjected to statistical software IBM SPSS version 20.0. Descriptive inferential statistics were done. Chi Square test applied and the p value was set at p<0.05. Results: The study from the above results showed that out of 82 patients, 18 (15 MTA, 3 Biodentine) were between the age of 0-10yrs, 34 (25 MTA, 9 Biodentin) were between 10-20 and 26 (19 MTA and 7 Biodentin) were between the age 20-30 and 4 (3 MTA, 1 Biodentine) were between the age group 30-40. The most frequently used apexification material was MTA with a frequency of 62 patients to biodentine which was used in 20 patients. The study was statistically significant (P=0.042) with the highest frequency of open apexes seen with ages 10-20 and MTA was being used as an apical plug. Nolla’s stage 9 had maximum prevalence and was found to be statistically significant when compared to other stages (p<0.05). Maxillary central incisors had more apexification procedures as a result of trauma at the young age. Conclusion: The present study shows that the highest prevalence of open apexes were seen in patients between 10-20 years of age, the main reason was found to be trauma. MTA was used as a apexification material compared to biodentine. Hence further studies are required to obtain long term effects of various apexification procedures.